Plesk Panel "Web Statistics" Permission Issue
15.04.2022
There are certain commands frequently used for server management in Linux. With these commands, you can access and perform many basic operations on your server.
Basic Commands
pwd : prints the current directory you are in.
cd : used to navigate between directories. (Example: cd /home takes you to the /home directory.)
ls : lists all files and folders in the current directory. It has many parameters; type “man ls” for full details.
ls -l : produces a detailed list with date, file owner, and permissions.
ls -a : displays all files including hidden ones. Parameters can be combined. (Example: ls -la)
ls -lS : sorts files by size.
ls -lh : shows file sizes in MB, GB, TB.
ls -lt : sorts files by creation and modification date.
mkdir : used to create a new folder.
rm : used to delete files or folders. Type “man rm” for useful parameters.
touch : used to create a new file.
tail : shows the last output of a file. (Example: tail -20 /root/file.txt shows the last 20 lines.)
head : works opposite to tail, shows the first output of a file. (Example: head -10 /root/file.txt)
nano : file editing tool. Open with nano /root/file.txt, exit with CTRL + X.
service : used to start, query status, or stop services. (Example: service mysql restart)
ps : shows running applications. Most common usage: ps aux, which lists all running apps with CPU and RAM usage.
kill : terminates an application by its PID number. (Example: kill -9 PIDNUMBER)
killall : closes the specified application along with all its running instances.
who : displays users connected to the server.
uname : provides OS information. Use uname -a for kernel version.
df : shows disk usage. Most common: df -h, which displays in MB, GB, TB.
watch : continuously runs the command specified in quotes.
scp : transfers files via SFTP or sends commands to another SSH.
ftp : used for FTP connections and operations.
wget : used to fetch data from any URL.
passwd : used to change user password. If connected as root, you can change the root password.
man : displays parameters of commands.
reboot : restarts your server.
shutdown : used to completely shut down your server.
uptime : shows server uptime and load status.
tar : used for file compression or extraction. (Example: tar -zxvf to extract tar.gz, tar -cvf to compress)
unzip : extracts zip compressed files.
zip : compresses files into zip format.
gunzip : extracts gz compressed files.Useful Operators
| : pipe character — used to combine two commands at once.
&& : runs the next command only if the first one succeeds.
; : runs the next command after the first one regardless of result.
grep : used for filtering, usually combined with pipe.
cut : used to cut data from command output.
sort : used to sort command outputs.
uniq : reporting command, used to statistically sort repeated items in output.
cat : prints file contents directly to screen.
more : helps read long command output more comfortably, used with pipe.Examples
ls -la /home | grep netinternetFilters files and folders in /home directory that contain “netinternet”.
ps aux | grep -v httpdShows all results from ps aux output except lines containing “httpd”.
cat /home/netinternet.txtPrints the netinternet.txt file to screen.
date | cut -dE -f1Cuts the output at the first occurrence of “E”: Thu Jul 18 00:36:15
cat test.txt | sortSorts all dates from smallest to largest.
cat test.txt | uniq -cPrints repeated lines statistically.
cat /home/netinternet.txt;cat /home/net.txtPerforms two operations in a single line.
service mysql restart&&cat /home/netinternet.txtIf the first operation succeeds, the second command runs.
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